In the physical sciences, a subatomic particle is a particle that makes up an atom. According to the Standard Model of particle physics, a subatomic particle can be a composite particle made up of other particles, or an unformed elementary particle. In this article, we will make a change from the ground up. Physics is not my field anyway, in fact, let's open something here, unfortunately, we will need to learn even the subjects that we do not understand very much in order to understand the transformation. Because one of the most important fields of science that deeply affects space is physics. For example, our technology has advanced so much, we can reach the speed of light, but even this means that we will not reach most of the places we want to go, right here (yes, there is physics in almost everything in that technology, but we wanted to give a deterrent example). here physics can help us bend spacetime. I think it is an example that affects people, before teaching a lesson in education, those children should be told about the future of the lesson, not in this only education, for example, we see that some foreign films (western countries) give us some clues, I think that looking at these films with this logic will open your horizons. I conclude here. let's explain the particles in general here, there is both a background information and an article (perhaps more than one) that I will tell you in my future articles. let's get started;
leptons
Lepton is one of the fundamental particles and is the building block of matter. The most well-known lepton is the electron, which is found in the atom and determines the chemical properties of the atom, forming almost all chemistry. The Greek word lepton means light (we are not physicists here, we are just learning what it does)
quarks
There are no particles that make up quarks. After all, they are elementary particles.
Charm Quarks: Charm quark, second generation, has +e electric charge. It is the third most massive quark with 1.3 GeV.
Up quark: The lightest of all arids. It is the fundamental particle and the most important component of matter. With the down quark, it forms neutrons and protons. mass cannot be calculated exactly, but it is between 1.5-1.4Mev.
Down Quark: It is the second lightest quark. its symbol is d. It creates protons and neutrons with the up quark. Its bare mass cannot be calculated exactly, but it is between 4-8Mev.
Strange quark: A strange quark, strange quark, or strange quark is a second generation quark. Its mass is larger than the up and down quarks, but it is between 80 and 130MeV.
(I want to add something here, because the universe was traveling in large quantities in the early days because the universe was hot at first, then it started to get cold, and big quarks such as bottom and top decayed into charm and strange quarks, and they decayed into up and down quarks.)
Bottom Quark: The bottom quark or b quark, also known as the beauty quark, is a third-generation heavy quark with a charge. All quarks are described similarly by electroweak and quantum color dynamics, but the bottom quark has extremely low transition rates to low-mass quarks. The bottom quark is also notable because it is a product of almost all top quark decays and is the frequent decay product of the Higgs boson.
Top Quark: The top quark symbol, sometimes called the real quark, is denoted by the symbol t. It is the most massive of all observed elementary particles. It gets its mass from combining with the Higgs Boson. The top quark interacts with gluons of the strong interaction and is typically produced in hadron colliders through this interaction. However, once produced, the top can only decay through the weak force. A W boson decays and either a bottom quark (most often), a strange quark, or, in the rarest cases, a down quark.
Core
The nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons, which we call nucleons. There are two particles of interest to the nucleus.
a-) Baryons: In particle physics, a baryon is a kind of compound subatomic particle containing an odd number of valence quarks. Baryons belong to the hadron family of particles. Hadrons are made up of quarks. The name baryon means heavy in Greek. The most familiar baryons are protons and neutrons, both containing three quarks, and are therefore sometimes called triquarks. These particles make up most of the mass of visible matter in the universe and form the nucleus of every atom.
b-) Mesons: this is about 0.6 times the size of a proton or neutron. All mesons are unstable, and their longest lifetime is only a few hundredths of a microsecond. The heavier mesons decay into lighter mesons and eventually into stable electrons, neutrinos, and photons. Higher-energy (more massive) mesons were momentarily created in the Big Bang, but are not thought to play a role in nature today.
Protons: Two up quarks and one down quark make up the proton.
Neutrons: One up quark and two down quarks make up the neuron.
hadrons
Almost all compound particles contain large numbers of quarks bound together by gluons. Those containing several quarks are called hadrons. Due to a property known as color trapping, quarks are never found alone, always in more than one.
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